Forecast Storms Essay Research Paper If you free essay sample

Prognosis Storms Essay, Research Paper If you know where and when to look, you can handle yourself to a colorful show of atmospheric auras, musca volitanss and pillars. These images can state you something about the clouds overhead and possible alterations in the conditions. All of these images are created by light reflecting through cirrostratus clouds. These clouds occur at an height of 6,000-12,000 meters. They appear as a thin sheet or bed ( strata ) that is pure white. The bed of cloud is so thin ( merely 100-450 meters ) that is doesn # 8217 ; t befog the Sun or Moon, so you should be able to see your shadow. Cirrostratus is made of many types of ice crystals. However, four crystal forms are responsible for bring forthing most of the commonly see haloes-plate crystals, columns, capped columns and slugs. The most obvious aura is found around the Sun. If the bed of cirrostratus is extended, you # 8217 ; ll see an full ring. We will write a custom essay sample on Forecast Storms Essay Research Paper If you or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Within the bed of cloud, sunshine is striking and go throughing through the sides of randomly-oriented ice crystals. As the sunshine passes through each crystal, the light alterations way, or refracts. The radius of the whole depends on the sum of alteration in the way of the Sun # 8217 ; s visible radiation. Normally this is 22 grades. Since the Sun is 1/2 of a grade across, the radius of the aura is 44 sun-widths. Occasionally you may see a 2nd aura at 46 grades from the Sun ( that is, with a radius of 92 sun-widths ) . This is produced by sunshine passing through both the side and underside of each call stal. Moonlight will also produce a halo, around the moon, with the proper layer of cirrostatus. Another common optical effect is known as â€Å"mock suns† or â€Å"sun dogs† or â€Å"parhelia† (Greek for â€Å"with the sun†). These bright spots on either side of the sun, outside of the halo, occur when sunlight passes through the sides of capped columns, bullets and plate crystals, when these crystals are arranged with their sides vertical. The crystals wobble, diffusing and smearing the colours of the mock sun. You can see haloes and mock suns more clearly if you block out your view of the real sun by holding your hand in front of it at arm’s length. Another spectactular optical effect is the solar pillar. This is a vertical shaft of light the same colour as the sun stretching upwards from the sun and is most often seen at sunset or sunrise. It’s produced by sunlight reflecting of the base of plate and capped column crystals in the clouds . You can also see pillars in an ice fog, when it’s illuminated by streelights, or airport runway lights, for instance. The appearance of all these optical images is a good indication that the weather will change. Strong vertical air currents associated with low pressure storms carry moist air skyward, where the water freezes. High speed winds above the storm system push the ice crystals on ahead. When you see haloes around the sun or moon, you can be sure of two things-there are cirrostratus clounds above and, in a day or two, the skies will darken with an approaching storm.

King Lear Character is Destiny essays

King Lear Character is Destiny essays Character is destiny is a dominant theme that often appears in Shakespearean tragedy. In the play, King Lear this concept is portrayed through the characters of King Lear, Gloucester, and Edmund. The characteristics and the roles that each of the characters have within the society of the play determine the treatment that they receive from other characters as well as their destiny. In the play, Lear demonstrates various characteristics that can be classified as his tragic flaws. In the opening scene, Lears irrational basis for distributing the kingdom between his daughters reveals that he is accustomed to hypocrisy, that he is quick tempered, that he is impatient, and that he is unaware of human limitation. By asking his daughters to publicly display their love towards him, he reveals that he is accustomed to flattery. This also demonstrates that he is proud of his ability to exercise his will quickly and effectively. A.C Bradely comments on this tragic flaw by stating that A long life of absolute power, in which he as been flattered to the top of his bent, has produced in him that blindness to human limitation and that presumptuous self will . In the opening act, King Lear also demonstrates his quick tempered nature through the disowning of Cordelia and the banishment of Kent. When Lear does not hear what he expected from Cordelia, he disowns her as his daug hter without any rational thoughts. This demonstrates that he is accustomed to exercising his will. It also demonstrates that he believes that through his position as a monarch, he can even command human emotions such as love. In addition, when Lear hears what he expects from Goneril and Regan, he rewards them with a large portion of his kingdom. This reveals his gullible, generous, and unsuspicious nature. Overall, Lears characteristics are revealed in the first Act of the play. He is accustomed to exercising his will freely, he is gullible, ...

Nakheel and the launch of blue communites Essay

Nakheel and the launch of blue communites - Essay Example 3; Dubai). There is a need for research, development, and positive transformation of these locations with a long-term aim for Blue Communities to provide leadership in the development of sustainable coastal communities. Nakheel is still a young company, formed in 2001, but bin Salayem notes that the company is already a leader in the region, as well as internationally, and offers its pioneering approach as applied to Blue Communities (Dubai par. 7). Dubai's Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) has made developers responsible for any structural damage to a property and defective installations for 10 years after project completion. The aims of the new law are to "monitor real-estate and development brokers, prevent fraudulent activities and increase investment" (Special Report par. 4). A Nakheel spokesman noted that the new policy is similar to already existing legislation in the UAE Civil Code. Nakheel's projects include The Palms, The World, and the forthcoming Waterfront, which when completed will add 1000 km of waterfront to Dubai. According to the spokesman for Nakheel, "We already guarantee the structural integrity of our properties for 10 years in our standard contracts, so this is not new to us" (Special Report par. 8). Nakheel has more than 1800 employees. It currently has US$60 billion worth of major projects spread across more than 2 billion square feet. The company is committed to ensuring leadership for Dubai in all areas of life with special focus on sustained development and environment (Zakaria). The idea behind Blue Communities, according to Abdul Rahman Kalantar, the company's managing director for design and development, is to "launch new thinking and working methods, given that the initiative itself is not confined to one company or one country, [but] it's rather available for all parties concerned with coastal communities" (Zakaria par. 4). When Dubai's building projects created land where none had existed before, a whole series of environmental concerns were raised. Nakheel met the challenge by initiating a global charter to define the best practice on how coastlines can be developed around the world. It's called Blue Communities and over the next three years is a call to action to the world (Think Blue). Almost half the world's coast is presently threatened by development related activities. At present, Dubai is building its coastline in harmony with nature. But, as more and more projects compete, how long can this be the case In North and Central America nearly a third of the coastline faces moderate to high threats from building for houses and industry. About half of South America's towns, resorts, and leisure communities are mushrooming, turning natural habitats into steel and concrete. It is noted that "an estimated 80 per cent of all life on earth is found in the sea" (Think Blue par. 2). The future of the planet depends on looking ahead and meeting challenges to sustain a natural environment. Issues that must be addressed on a worldwide basis, not just in Dubai and its environs, but throughout the globe, are part of Nakheel's Blue Communities initiatives, as follows (Lamb): Climate

Enterprise Risk Management at Google Research Paper

Enterprise Risk Management at Google - Research Paper Example Google has emerged as the front-runner in the market through its search engine and despite the present recessionary trends, the Company reported gross revenues for the third quarter of 2008 of $5.4 billion, which reflects an increase of 3% compared to the second quarter of 2008 and an increase of 31% compared to the same period last year (www.google.com/ financial release). But the Company also faces an increasing level of challenges on grounds of privacy and cultural issues on its websites.   ERP has been defined has been defined as â€Å"the discipline by which an organization in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances, and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organizations short- and long-term value to its stakeholders.† (www.casact.org, p 10). Before many of the accounting scandals such as the one at Enron erupted, risk assessment standards were considered a separate niche from regulating and auditing standards. But this has now been made a part of corporate governance, which is important in ensuring the economic health of corporations. Including risk assessment as a part of corporate governance provides investors the opportunity to periodically assess any potential risks that may arise. The Treadway Commission (COSO) issued a landmark report, in which it identified internal control measures that were necessary to ensure financial accountability and transparency in corporate governance. The three primary objectives of internal control according to this report are: 1) efficient and effective operations, (2) accurate financial reporting, and (3) compliance with laws and regulations.     

Economics CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics CA - Essay Example Comparatively, the supply of diamonds is so low that the usefulness of one diamond is greater than a glass of water, therefore, people are willing to pay a greater amount for diamond as compared to water. This concept can be illustrated with the help of the following graphs: According to the graph, the supply of water is almost horizontal, so where ever you shift the demand, the equilibrium price will always remain constant. In contrast to this the graph of diamonds show a steep supply, so it’s equilibrium price is not affected by the change in demand. We can apply the same concept to explain the reason why an athlete earns so much money. It takes a lot of time and effort to become a professional athlete. Not everyone is capable of becoming a pro athlete; therefore, the supply of a professional athlete is far less than other professions such as engineers, doctors, accountants etc. Moreover, there is an international demand for athletes as they are being liked by numerous fans that are willing to pay a large amount to buy tickets to see their favorite athlete compete. An athlete with a larger number of fans has a higher salary as compared to an athlete with a less number of fans. So, being in a less quantity ( low supply) and a large number of fans ( high demand) results in a high marginal utility of professional athletes, therefore their salaries are high and they make so much money by showing their performances to the audience. 2. A person’s wage is related to his/her worth to the firm. Use the background information and do some research on your own. Compare the marginal revenue product of a teacher to a professional athlete. Why is it different? Be sure to read the marginal productivity presentation on this topic prepared by the instructor. Ans. Marginal productivity is the increase in productivity by the addition of one additional unit of input. Marginal revenue product is closely related to marginal

About power supply

About power supply Type of Power Supply and their applications Power supply is a device used to provide the electric energy to operate the devices running by electric power. It has many special way to provide electric energy to a specific system â€Å" it is mother of the system â€Å" ( Brown, 2001, p.1 ). The basic function of power supply is to convert Alternative Current voltage to regulated   Direct Current voltage that required by electronic devices. A typical power supply has four different modules each of them has a specific function. Transformer is the first module and its function is to convert high voltage Alternative Current   to low voltage Direct Current. The second module is Rectifier and its main function is to convert low voltage Alternative Current to Direct Current. The third module is smoothing, the Direct Current produced by the rectifier is varying, so smoothing reduce this varying to small rippling. Last module is regulator, it set the Direct Current voltage to constant value by remove the ripples. This is a basic design of power supply. The design can be huge and complicated based on the requirements. This essay will present the four major types of power supply which are Linear Regulators and Switching Mode Power Supply, Programmable Power Supply, Uninterruptible Power Supply. The first type of power supply is Linear regulated power supply. It is the basic type of power supply. It produce the regulated output voltage by drop the input voltage. â€Å"it is though, a very electrically quiet power supply† (Brown, 2001, p.11). they are often used in ground based equipments and distributed power system. Linear regulated power supply function is to convert varying Alternative Current input to regulated Direct Current output. The typical circuit use in this type has tow range. One allow more voltage at low current and the other allow more current at low voltage. Linear regulated power supplies come in tow basic forms called series regulators and shunt regulators. Series regulated power supplies are most common form of linear regulated power supply. The power dissipated in series regulated device is the product of power supply output current and the voltage drop. Shunt regulated power supplies are simpler form of Linear Regulated power supply, but they are less efficient.   Simplicity is the main advantage of linear regulated power supplies. It is used in systems that require extremely low noise. They are more suitable and cost effective for low power applications. It is used in ground based applications and distributed power systems. Since the linear regulated power supply has very low power output voltage ripple, it is used in low noise / low ripple applications such as communication and radio device where noise is very sensitive. It is more efficient in the application which output voltage is nearly equal to input voltage. Second type of power supply is Switching Mode. It operates in ON-OFF mode. It uses switching circuits and energy storage elements such as capacitors and inductors to get the regulated output voltage. â€Å"These circuits are ideally lossless with 100% energy transfer† (Johnny, 2006, p.1). The main advantage of Switching Mode Power Supply is the higher efficiency because of low power dissipation. Switching Mode Power Supply is used in domestic products which often have universal inputs. Mobile phones have changed their power supply technology from linear regulated to Switching Mode Technology. It is widely used in aircraft electric power such as airplane ground support. Third type of power supply is Programmable Power Supply. It provide the power through a computer interface. It generally depends on both Linear regulated and Switched Mode technologies to produce accurate output power. Programmable power supplies are mainly used in automated equipment testing. They are also used in ultrasonic vibration measurement tools. Last type of power supply is Uninterruptible power supply. It is widely known as UPS or power back up. It is widely used as backup power to protect the devices from crashing due to sudden power loss. There are three major categories of Uninterruptible power supply, offline -standby, online and line-interactive. Offline /standby Uninterruptible power supply provides surge protection and battery back-up up to 20 minutes. When the input power supply falls below the starting level, then Uninterruptible power supply turns on its power circuit providing power backup to the device up in certain time (In this type 20   minutes). Line-Interactive Uninterruptible power supply generally uses only one main power convertor to generate the power. The typical protection time varies from 5 minutes to 30 minutes. The operation of Online Uninterruptible power supply is very similar to Standby or Line-Interactive type. The typical protection time varies between 5 minutes to 30 minutes. But, it provides electrical firewall between incoming utility power and sensitive electronic equipment. They are mainly used for surge protection and back power for computers, data centers and telecommunication equipment. They are used to provide the electric isolation for the equipments which are sensitive to power fluctuations. In conclusion, there are different sources of power being used to provide the power to the systems effectively and efficiently. For example, solar energy and wind power are being converting to electric energy to provide the power to large industrial applications. Power supplies are the heart of any system which requires electrical energy. They not only provide power but also provide the protection to the system against outside disturbances. Therefore, design and development considerations of a power supply are more important. As technology is growing, more advanced power supplies are being invented to provide best protection and efficient power to the devices. References: Brown, M. (2001), Power Supply Cook Book, MA, U.S.A, Butterworth- Heinemann. Bennet, C, Johnny (2006), Practical Computer Analysis of switched mode power supplies, FL, U.S.A, CRC Press. Hoff, Michael. and Samstad, Jeffrey, Technical Comparison of On-Line VS. Line-Interactive UPS [online]. Available: http:\www.apcmedia.com/salestools/JSII-5YQSBR_R0_EN.pdf [accessed February 18, 2010] Unknown. http://www.circuit-projects.com/power-supply/uninterruptible-power-supply-ups-basic-circuit-diagram.html, [accessed February 18, 2010] Understanding Linear Power Supply Operation, Application Note 1554 [online]. Available: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-2291EN.pdf, [accessed February 16, 2010] Unknown. http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm, [accessed February 17, 2010] Zhang, J, Henry. Linear Regulating and Switching Mode Power Supply Basics[online]. Available: http://www.techonline.com/article/pdf/showPDF.jhtml?id=1931034931[accessed February 15, 2010]

Determination Of An Unknown Amino Acid From Titration Essay -- essays

Determination of An Unknown Amino Acid From Titration Abstract Experiment 11 used a titration curve to determine the identity of an unknown amino acid. The initial pH of the solution was 1.96, and the pKa’s found experimentally were 2.0, 4.0, and 9.85. The accepted pKa values were found to be 2.10, 4.07, and 9.47. The molecular weight was calculated to be 176.3 while the accepted value was found to be 183.5. The identity of the unknown amino acid was established to be glutamic acid, hydrochloride. Introduction Amino acids are simple monomers which are strung together to form polymers (also called proteins). These monomers are characterized by the general structure shown in figure 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fig. 1 Although the general structure of all amino acids follows figure 1, the presence of a zwitterion is made possible due to the basic properties of the NH2 group and the acidic properties of the COOH group. The amine group (NH2) is Lewis base because it has a lone electron pair which makes it susceptible to a coordinate covalent bond with a hydrogen ion. Also, the carboxylic group is a Lewis acidic because it is able to donate a hydrogen ion (Kotz et al., 1996). Other forms of amino acids also exist. Amino acids may exists as acidic or basic salts. For example, if the glycine reacted with HCl, the resulting amino acid would be glycine hydrochloride (see fig. 2). Glycine hydrochloride is an example of an acidic salt form of the amino acid. Likewise, if NaOH were added, the resulting amino acid would be sodium glycinate (see fig. 3), an example of a basic salt form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fig. 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fig. 3 Due to the nature of amino acids, a titration curve can be employed to identify an unknown amino acid. A titration curve is the plot of the pH versus the volume of titrant used. In the case of amino acids, the titrant will be both an acid and a base. The acid is a useful tool because it is able to add a proton to the amine group (see fig. 1). Likewise the base allows for removal of the proton from the carboxyl group by the addition of hydroxide. The addition of the strong acid or base does not necessarily yield a drastic jump in pH. The acid or base added is unable to contribute to the pH of the solution because the protons and hydroxide ions donated in solution are busy adding protons to the amine gr... ...unded series of crude estimates which were required. Likewise, the deviance of the calculated molecular weight can be attributed to these crude vehicles, because the change in volume (between equivalence points) were used in calculation. Conclusion The identity of an unknown amino acid was determined by establishing a titration curve. The equivalence and half-equivalence point, the pKa values, and the molecular weight were directly or indirectly found through the titration curve. The equivalence points were found through a crude method known as the trapezoidal method. The establishment of the equivalence points gave rise to the half equivalence points and the D volume (used in calculating the molecular weight). The half-equivalence points were directly used to find the pKa values of the unknown. The molecular weight could also be calculated. This data led to the determination of the identity of the unknown amino acid--glutamic acid, hydrochloride. References Jicha, D.; Hasset, K. Experiments in General Chemistry; Hunt: Dubuque, 1991:37- 53. Kotz, J.C.: Treichel , P. Jr. Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity; Harcourt-Brace: Fort Worth, 1996; 816-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  837.

Report of the Interpretive Simulations

AllSmile Annual Report Years One – Three ————————————————- Bradyn Carson, Clarissa McMickle, Micheal Sullivan, Peiying Li â€Å"Perfect Smile Just a Brush Away† Mission Statement AllSmile’s mission is to provide quality toothpaste globally at a fair and honest price, providing customer service with a smile. Motto â€Å"Perfect Smile Just a Brush Away† ————————————————- Table of Contents To our ShareholdersPage 2 Potential Future Decisions Page 2 Challenges and Decisions in Year Three Page 3 Sales and Earnings Trends Page 4 Industry ComparisonPage 5 Income StatementPage 6 ———————————————— TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS Last year was a big year — we delivered strong results, launched fantastic new products and services, and positioned AllSmile for an incredible future. For fiscal year, we also maintained strong cost discipline resulting in cash flow from operations of $104. 7 million, an increase in manufacturer sales by 23 percent from the prior year. At the beginning of our first year we built a million dollar plant in Brazil. We look forward to all the opportunities this plant will provide for our company such as much lower cost of goods manufactured.We delivered these results by providing new products that help the families in the communities. We look forward to all the great opportunities in the future that our products will bring to Latin American individuals. Potential Future Decisions AllSmile has made an impact in the industry over the past three periods due to our ability to compete in terms of pricing, advertising, production, and distribution. We plan on increasing our competitiveness in the Latin American market by expanding our brand’s products to better serve our product demand and also by looking into new markets to enter.When deciding what new products to implement (if any), we will extensively research demographics, both social and economic, and potential demand for these products. It is very important for us to choose products that produce high margins. We will accomplish this by analyzing our costs associated with producing the products and determining the demand for the product. As far as pricing, AllSmile was able to compete with the large brands during the first three periods. We intend on continuing this, as well as focusing on competing better against local and regional brands in order to increase our total market share in Brazil.As the market matures in Brazil, we may need to enter a new market in order to increase revenues and maintain our strong growth. Some important characteristics we will analyze are: Population, GDP and GDP per capita, inflation, po verty, labor costs, shipping costs, tariffs, as well as other political, social, and economic factors. Since completion of our production plant after period one, our costs of goods manufactured has declined each year. This cost reduction will allow us to allocate more funds to areas that grow our revenue such as: advertising, promotion, and a larger sales force. Challenges and Decisions in Year ThreeOur group chose Brazil as the market to enter. We considered the national population, GPD, per capita income and other factors. Toothpaste is an ordinary and special commodity. It is ordinary, because you can easily find toothpaste everywhere, every household can afford it. It is special, because no matter a men, women, old people or children; both the workers and peasants, or drivers, or white-collar workers, and even national leaders; no matter the richest, the poor, all of them need to use it, it is a necessity product. Brazil's population is the largest in the choice of six countries , and their GDP is the highest, GDP / Capita is low.However, due to the universality of the toothpaste, toothpaste has low prices. It will not be a burden on the economy of the Brazilian family. Therefore, we have chosen Brazil as enter the market. Before the first sales year, we established in Brazil a native plant, which has a capacity of 100 million units. According to Brazil basic social characteristics, and several other major competitors’ product, we decided our product types covered by the child toothpaste for the kids, healthy toothpaste for the elder, white toothpaste for young people, economic toothpaste for family.Our team pricing standards are to ensure that company earnings, guaranteed price competitive enough in the market, and guaranteed consumers can afford the price. The end of the first year, we had 30% of the products left, in view of the traditional market accounted for 40. 5% of the overall toothpaste market, we decided to increase three sales people into traditional sales channels in the next year. Due to the selling of whole market Economy toothpaste are great, we add advertising investment. At the same time, the poor sell of children's toothpaste prompted us to reduce 5 million budgets on its advertising fee.According to the results of marketing, and sales of other companies, appropriate to improve the economy, white, healthy toothpaste price and their allowance, try to stimulate the sales. The end of the second year, we left 16% of the products, the market response is good, so we only slightly increased the economy toothpaste prices, reduce the allowance of white, healthy toothpaste. Given the improved performance, the other company has a large number of sales people, we added two sales people to Traditional channel, ten to the hypermarket channel, five to the wholesale channel, trying to expand the market.On the other hand, due to the increase of 17 sales people, the input is too high, so we decided to reduce the overall invest ment in advertising in the next year. Sales and Earnings Trends AllSmile has started off strong in period one and has maintained that momentum throughout the third period, with expectations of continuing the sales growth. At the end of period one AllSmile unit sales totaled 71. 8 million with a 6. 5% share. Our manufacturer sales totaled 72. 4 million with a 6. 2% share. Gross margins for the first period were 9. 5 million with a -24. 4 million net contribution.Even with negative contributions AllSmile momentum was able to carry us to a positive net contribution by the end of the third period. In the second period, AllSmile gained 12. 1 million in unit sales totaling 83. 9 million with a 7. 5 share. Manufacturer sales gained 17. 8 million totaling 90. 2 million with a 7. 3 share. Gross margins also gained 26. 4 million ending with 35. 9 million, which was a growth of 279. 5%. Net contribution also improved with only -3. 0 million compared to first periods -24. 4 million. Sales growt h continued in the third period as well with even higher numbers.The third period, AllSmile unit sales had a 13. 0% growth totaling 94. 7 million. Manufacturer sales had a 16. 1% growth totaling at 104. 7 million. Gross margins growth was 28. 9% ending at 46. 3 million. Finally net contribution finally ended positive with 10. 0 million. Unit Sales Manufacturer Sales Gross Margins Net Contributions By the end of period three, AllSmile earning trends showed that the Hypermarket channel we entered totaled 85. 2% of sales compared to the Traditional and Wholesale channels. Traditional channels totaled 8. % and Wholesales totaled 6. 0%. Industry Comparison AllSmile has six main competitors in Brazil: Britesmile, Clean+White, Dentacare, Eversmile, Local 1 and Regional 1. At the end of period one AllSmile ranked higher than Clean+White and Eversmile in market shares sales in Brazil. By the third period, AllSmile was competing head to head with Regionals, and Local competitors in market sha res. Period 3 Period 3 Throughout the industry overall, AllSmile is competing with Regional completion in all countries. AllSmile has gross margins of 44. 2%, compared to Regional completion that had 46. 6%.Even though Regional gross margins are slightly greater than ours, it is a great accomplishment for our company to surpass the other completion in our industry. AllSmile is well on our way to being the most competitive industry in the near future. Income Statement| For Periods ended 1, 2 and 3| (Values in Millions of Dollars)| Revenue| Period 3| Period 2| Period 1| Total Revenue|   | $104. 70|   | $90. 20|   | $72. 40 | Mfr. Allowance| 9. 6|   | 9. 1|   | 6. 5|   | Cost of Goods Sold| 47. 8|   | 44. 3|   | 42. 3|   | Shipping and Tariffs| 0. 9|   | 0. 8|   | 14. 1|   | Total COGS|   | 58. 4|   | 54. 2|   | 62. | Gross Margin|   | $46. 3 |   | $35. 9 |   | $9. 50 | |   |   |   |   |   |   | Expenses|   |   |   |   |   |   | Promotion Expense| 7. 6|   | 7. 5|   | 5|   | Advertising Expense| 10. 3|   | 14. 4|   | 13. 1|   | Sales Expense| 1. 7|   | 0. 7|   | 0. 5|   | Administrative Expense| 4|   | 3. 7|   | 2. 7|   | Total Expense|   | 23. 6|   | 26. 3|   | 21. 3| Contribution after Marketing|   | $22. 7 |   | $9. 60|   | ($11. 80)| |   | |   | |   | | Fixed Costs| 2. 4|   | 2. 3|   | 2. 2|   | Plant Deprecation| 10. 3|   | 10. 3|   | 10. 3|   | Total Fixed Costs|   | 12. 7|   | 12. 6|   | 12. 5| Net Income|   | $10. 00 |   | ($3. 00)|   | ($24. 40)|

Sentence Length - Definition, Examples, Recommendations

Sentence Length s, Recommendations Definition In English grammar, sentence length refers to the number of words in a sentence. Most readability formulas use the number of words in a sentence to measure its difficulty. Yet in some cases, a short sentence can be harder to read than a long one. Comprehension can sometimes be facilitated by longer sentences, especially those that contain coordinate structures. Contemporary style guides generally recommend varying the length of sentences to avoid monotony and achieve appropriate emphasis.   See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: Sentence VarietyBasic Sentence Structures in EnglishE.B. Whites Exercise in Sentence Length and VarietyEuphonyParagraph LengthThe Rhythm of Prose, by Robert Ray LorantSentence Variety in Alice Walkers Am I Blue?Sentence Variety in Thurbers Life and Hard TimesStyleWhat Is a Sentence?What Is Sentence Combining and How Does It Work? Examples and Observations When the great orator William Jennings Bryan accepted the Democratic nomination for president in 1896, the average length of a sentence in his speech was 104 words. Today, the average length of a sentence in a political speech is less than 20 words. Were simply in an age of directness and making our point more quickly.  (Bob Elliot and Kevin Carroll, Make Your Point! AuthorHouse, 2005)Varying your sentence length is much more important than varying your sentence pattern if you want to produce clear, interesting, readable prose.  (Gary A. Olson et al., Style and Readability in Business Writing: A Sentence-Combining Approach. Random House, 1985) Examples of Varied Sentence Length: Updike, Bryson, and Wodehouse That laugh said a strange thing. It said, This is fun. Baseball is meant to be fun, and not all the solemn money men in fur-collared greatcoats, not all the scruffy media cameramen and sour-faced reporters that crowd around the dugouts can quite smother the exhilarating spaciousness and grace of this impudently relaxed sport, a game of innumerable potential redemptions and curious disappointments. This is fun.  (John Updike, The First Kiss. Hugging the Shore: Essays and Criticism. Knopf, 1983)One of the great myths of life is that childhood passes quickly. In fact, because time moves more slowly in Kid Worldfive times more slowly in a classroom on a hot afternoon, eight times more slowly on any car journey of more than five miles (rising to eighty-six times more slowly when driving across Nebraska or Pennsylvania lengthwise), and so slowly during the last week before birthdays, Christmases, and summer vacations as to be functionally immeasurableit goes on for decades when measured in adult terms. It is an adult life that is over in a twinkling. (Bill Bryson, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006)The young mans judgment was one at which few people with an eye for beauty would have cavilled. When the great revolution against Londons ugliness really starts and yelling hordes of artists and architects, maddened beyond endurance, finally take the law into their own hands and rage through the city burning and destroying, Wallingford Street, West Kensington, will surely not escape the torch. Long since it must have been marked down for destruction. For, though it possesses certain merits of a low practical kind, being inexpensive in the matter of rents and handy for the buses and the Underground, it is a peculiarly beastly little street. Situated in the middle of one of those districts where London breaks out into a sort of eczema of red brick, it consists of two parallel rows of semi-detached villas all exactly alike, each guarded by a rag ged evergreen hedge, each with coloured glass of an extremely regrettable nature let into the panels of the front door; and sensitive young impressionists from the artists colony up Holland Park way may sometimes be seen stumbling through it with hands over their eyes, muttering between clenched teeth How long? How long?  (P.G. Wodehouse, Leave It to Psmith, 1923) Ursula Le Guin on Short and Long Sentences Teachers trying to get school kids to write clearly, and journalists with their weird rules of writing, have filled a lot of heads with the notion that the only good sentence is a short sentence.This is true for convicted criminals.Very short sentences, isolated or in a series, are terrifically effective in the right place. Prose consisting entirely of short, syntactically simple sentences is monotonous, choppy, a blunt instrument. If short-sentence prose goes on very long, whatever its content, the thump-thump beat gives it a false simplicity that soon just sounds dumb. See Spot. See Jane. See Spot bite Jane...As Strunk and White say, variety in sentence length is whats needed. All short will sound stupid. All long will sound stuffy.In revision, you can consciously check for variety, and if youve fallen into a thumping of all short sentences or a wambling of all long ones, change them to achieve a varied rhythm and pace.  (Ursula Le Guin, Steering the Craft: Exercises and Discussi ons on Story Writing for the Lone Navigator or the Mutinous Crew. Eighth Mountain Press, 1998) Dont Just Write Words. Write Music. This sentence has five words. Here are five more words. Five-word sentences are fine. But several together become monotonous. Listen to what is happening. The writing is getting boring. The sound of it drones. Its like a stuck record. The ear demands some variety. Now listen. I vary the sentence length, and I create music. Music. The writing sings. It has a pleasant rhythm, a lilt, a harmony. I use short sentences. And I use sentences of medium length. And sometimes, when I am certain the reader is rested, I will engage him with a sentence of considerable length, a sentence that burns with energy and builds with all the impetus of a crescendo, the roll of the drums, the crash of the cymbalssounds that say listen to this, it is important.So write with a combination of short, medium, and long sentences. Create a sound that pleases the readers ear. Dont just write words. Write music.  (Gary Provost, 100 Ways to Improve Your Writing. Mentor, 1985) Sentence Length in Technical Writing Sometimes sentence length affects the quality of the writing. In general, an average of 15 to 20 words is effective for most technical communication. A series of 10-word sentences would be choppy. A series of 35-word sentences would probably be too demanding. And a succession of sentences of approximately the same length would be monotonous.In revising a draft, use your software to compute the average sentence length of a representative passage. (Mike Markel, Technical Communication, 9th ed. Bedford/St Martins, 2010) Sentence Length in Legal Writing Keep your average sentence length to about 20 words. The length of your sentences will determine the readability of your writing as much as any other quality. Thats why readability formulas rely so heavily on sentence length.Not only do you want a short average; you also need variety. That is, you should have some 35-word sentences and some 3-word sentences, as well as many in between. But monitor your average, and work hard to keep it to about 20 words. (Bryan A. Garner, Legal Writing in Plain English. University of Chicago Press, 2001) Sentence Length and Polysyndeton To dwell in a city which, much as you grumble at it, is after all very fairly a modern city; with crowds and shops and theatres and cafes and balls and receptions and dinner parties, and all the modern confusion of social pleasures and pains; to have at your door the good and evil of it all; and yet to be able in half an hour to gallop away and leave it a hundred miles, a hundred years, behind, and to look at the tufted broom glowing on a lonely tower-top in the still blue air, and the pale pink asphodels trembling none the less for the stillness, and the shaggy-legged shepherds leaning on their sticks in motionless brotherhood with the heaps of ruin, and the scrambling goats and staggering little kids treading out wild desert smells from the top of hollow-sounding mounds; and then to come back through one of the great gates and a couple of hours later find yourself in the world, dressed, introduced, entertained, inquiring, talking about Middlemarch to a young English lady or listeni ng to Neapolitan songs from a gentleman in a very low-cut shirtall this is to lead in a manner a double life and to gather from the hurrying hours more impressions than a mind of modest capacity quite knows how to dispose of. (Henry James, Italian Hours, 1909) The Lighter Side of Sentence Length Writers who wish to impart to their productions power and pungency, who wish to keep the readers attention upon the tiptoe of activity, who desire to escape the imputation of pedantry and who seek to surcharge their sentiments with sparkle and spirit, will do well to bear in mind constantly that long, lingering sentences, unduly overburdened with an abundance of phrases, clauses, and parenthetical observations of a more or less digressive character, are apt to be tiresome to the reader, especially if the subject matter be at all profound or ponderous, to place an undue strain upon his powers of concentration and to leave him with a confused concept of the ideas which the writer apparently has been at great pains to concentrate, while short, snappy sentences, on the other hand, with the frequent recurrence of subject and predicate, thus recalling and emphasizing the idea to be expressed as the development of the thought proceeds, like numerous signposts upon an untraveled road, these frequent breaks having the effect of taking a new hold upon the readers attention, oases in the desert of words, as it were, will be found to be much more effective, much more conducive to clarity, and far better calculated to preserve the contact, the wireless connection, so to speak, between the writer and the reader, provided, however, and it is always very easy to err through a too strict and too literal application of a general rule, that the sentences are not so short as to give a jerky, choppy, and sketchy effect and to scatter the readers attention so often as to send him wool-gathering completely. (Ellis O. Jones, comic playwright, anti-war activist, and editor of the original Life magazine. Reprinted in The Writer, December 1913)

The Pyramid Of Life

The Pyramid Of Life When you look at a pyramid, youll notice that its broad base gradually narrows as it extends upward. The same holds true for the organization of life on Earth. At the base of this hierarchical structure is the most inclusive level of organization, the biosphere. As you climb the pyramid, the levels become less encompassing and more specific. Lets take a look at this hierarchical structure for the organization of life, starting with the biosphere at the base and culminating with the atom at the peak. Hierarchical Structure of Life Biosphere: The biosphere includes all of the Earths biomes and all living organisms within. This includes areas on the Earths surface, below the Earths surface, and in the atmosphere. Biome: Biomes encompass all of the Earths ecosystems. They can be divided into regions of similar climate, plant life, and animal life. Biomes consist of both land biomes and aquatic biomes. The organisms in each biome have acquired special adaptations for living in their specific environment. Ecosystem: Ecosystems involve interactions between living organisms and their environment. This includes both living and nonliving material in an environment. An ecosystem contains many different types of communities. Extremophiles, for example, are organisms that thrive in extreme ecosystems such as salt lakes, hydrothermal vents, and in the stomachs of other organisms. Community: Communities consist of different populations (groups of organisms of the same species) in a given geographic area. From people and plants to bacteria and fungi, communities include the living organisms in an environment. The different populations interact with and influence one another in a given community. Energy flow is guided by the food webs and food chains in a community. Population: Populations are groups of organisms of the same species living in a specific community. Populations may increase in size or shrink depending on a number of environmental factors. A population is limited to a specific species. A population could be a species of plant, species of animal, or a bacterial colony. Organism: A living organism is a single individual of a species that exhibits the basic characteristics of life. Living organisms are highly ordered and have the ability to grow, develop, and reproduce. Complex organisms, including humans, rely on the cooperation between organ systems to exist. Organ System: Organ systems are groups of organs within an organism. Some examples are the circulatory, digestive, nervous, skeletal, and reproductive systems, which work together to keep the body functioning normally. For instance, nutrients obtained by the digestive system are distributed throughout the body by the circulatory system. Likewise, the circulatory system distributes oxygen that is taken in by the respiratory system. Organ: An organ is an independent part of the body of an organism that carries out specific functions. Organs include the heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, and ears. Organs are composed of different types of tissue arranged together to perform specific tasks. For example, the brain is composed of several different types including nervous and connective tissues. Tissue: Tissues are groups of cells with both a shared structure and function. Animal tissue can be grouped into four subunits: epithelial tissue, connective tissues, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Tissues are grouped together to form organs. Cell: Cells are the simplest form of living units. Processes that occur within the body are carried out on a cellular level. For example, when you move your leg, it is the responsibility of nerve cells to transmit these signals from your brain to the muscle cells in your leg. There are a number of different types of cells within the body including blood cells, fat cells, and stem cells. Cells of different categories of organisms include plant cells, animal cells, and bacterial cells. Organelle: Cells contain tiny structures called organelles, which are responsible for everything from housing the cells DNA to producing energy. Unlike organelles in prokaryotic cells, organelles in eukaryotic cells are often enclosed by a membrane. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and chloroplasts. Molecule: Molecules are composed of atoms and are the smallest units of a compound. Molecules can be arranged into large molecular structures such as chromosomes, proteins, and lipids. Some of these large biological molecules may be grouped together to become the organelles that compose your cells. Atom: Finally, there is the ever so tiny atom. It takes extremely powerful microscopes to view these units of matter (anything that has mass and takes up space). Elements such as carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are composed of atoms. Atoms bonded together to make molecules. For example, a water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. Atoms represent the smallest and most specific unit of this hierarchical structure.

Public Health Care challenges with budget costs Essay

Public Health Care challenges with budget costs - Essay Example Most of the objectives of public health are difficult to meet due to insufficient funding. It is worth noting that the health of a community is dependent on an association formed between the public health sector and the curative sector. Over emphasis on one sector at the expense of the other pauses a major challenge. Public health is a wide field that covers numerous types of diseases. Public health services and activities not only cover prevention of communicable diseases but also lifestyle diseases. Several methods are used to achieve these goals. These methods include education, prevention modes such as vaccination and dietary methods, control of existing cases to reduce infection and elimination of the causative agents. All these activities require a thorough undertaking that requires numerous financial resources. The majority of public health administrators and personnel are unable to achieve their goals and objectives due to insufficient funding of the public health sector. In the United States, only three percent of the national spending goes towards public health services. This situation prevails in most countries worldwide despite the numerous complaints by the public health sector. Some of the factors that make it hard for the sector to source fund from governments include issues such as over emphasis on curative medicine as this appears to have more physical or case evidence. Another challenge in the public health sector in the funding process is that many countries are experiencing challenges balancing their budgets. It is a major challenge in the third world countries that do not have sufficient resources to spend as much as they would want to in the public health sectors. This strain is not only a challenge in the third world and developing nations but also in developed countries. For instance, the US is struggling to cover the deficit that has now stretched over the recent

Lanchester Liners Hospitality Database, SQL Essay

Lanchester Liners Hospitality Database, SQL - Essay Example Lanchester Liners Hospitality Database This report presents a detailed overview of design and Implementation of Hospitality Database for Lanchester Liners for holding information about their ships, the ports visited where hospitality is offered, and any corporate team-building events organised on-board. In addition, the report also offers a detailed discussion on multi-user access to a database including concurrency, locking, security and access control. 1. ... 85,'10/01/1975','Sails') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(1893233,'Amsterdam',61000,'05/09/1977','22.5') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(1029833,'Aurora',76000,'16/07/1980','24') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(1938821,'Black Prince',11209,'25/06/1976','24.5') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(2832911,'Black Watch',28668,'31/12/1981','21') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(9283321,'Dawn Princess',77000,'30/03/1984','21') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3903211,'Galaxy',77713,'21/09/1979','21.5') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(1120322,'Genesis',220000,'11/11/1978','22.3') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3829111,'Horizon',46811,'17/03/1975','21.4') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3822211,'Jewel of the Seas',90090,'20/08/1982 ','25') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values (4833928,'Norwegian Crown',34242,'01/06/1981','22') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3928111,'Norwegian Dawn',92250,'09/02/1978','25') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3920000,'Oceana',77000,'28/07/1982','21') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3029992,'Polynesia',430,'09/05/1972','Sails') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3400049,'Rhapsody',78491,'23/02/1975','22') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(2939222,'Sensation',70367,'31/12/1975','21') INTO SHIP(shipNo, shipName, Tonnage, buildDate, speed) Values(3992019,'Serenata',133500,'07/11/1974','20.5') SELECT * FROM DUAL; Populating